RESUMO
Background and aims: Diabetic foot is one of the most severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and has been linked to 25-OH-vitamin D status. This study aims to determine the prevalence of 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency and its association with diabetic foot. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into the diabetic foot group (n = 95) and the non-diabetic foot group (n = 388). Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. The 25-OH-vitamin D and the other biochemical tests were extracted from the electronic medical records. The difference in clinical parameters between the diabetic foot group and the non-diabetic foot group was analyzed, and the risk factors of the diabetic foot group were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency was 44.6%, accounting for 57.9% of all the diabetic foot group patients and only 41.0% of the non-diabetic foot group patients. The mean serum 25-OH-vitamin D level was significantly different between the diabetic foot group and the non-diabetic foot group (19.8 ± 9.5 vs 24.1 ± 11.8; P = .011). Serum 25-OH-vitamin D and B12 were found to have a significant positive correlation (r = 0.410, P = <.01). The 25-OH-vitamin D level and body mass index were independently associated with diabetic foot (P = .043, OR = 1.21; P = .009, OR = 1.47), respectively. Conclusions: The 25-OH-vitamin D deficiency was higher in the diabetic foot group. More research is needed to understand the role of 25-OH-vitamin D in the development of diabetic foot.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetes risk score can be used as a simple non-invasive screening tool for identifying people with high risk of diabetes. This study aimed to assess the predictive power of various risk-scoring systems to predict pre-diabetes and diabetes in Jordanian adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among people attending 54 primary health care centers distributed throughout the 12 governorates of Jordan. Diabetes risk scores using the American Diabetes Association risk score, Canadian risk score, Finland risk score (FINDRISC), British Risk score, German and Australian risk score were calculated for each patient. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was measured for all participants. RESULTS: This study included 392 participants: 231 patients with normal fasting blood sugar (FBG), 101 patients with pre-diabetes and 60 patients with type 2 diabetes. The FINDRISC, British, and Australian risk scores were strongly inter-correlated and weakly correlated with other systems' risk scores. Moreover, they correlated moderately and significantly with FBS. In contrast, other systems risk scores were associated weekly with FBS. Based on receiving operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and multivariate logistic regression, the FINDRISC risk score was superior to other risk scores to predict high FBS and identify pre-diabetes and diabetes. CONCLUSION: FINDRISC risk score performed the best compared to other risk scores for predicting pre-diabetes, diabetes, and absence of diabetes. We recommend using the FINDRISC risk score assessment in Jordan.
